Description
1 Introduction 2 Velocity measurements in tokamaks 2.1 Doppler shifts 2.1.1 Passive 2.1.2 Active 2.2 Mode rotation 3 Momentum Sources 3.1 Direct rotation drive 3.1.1 Neutral beam injection 3.1.2 Ion cyclotron range of frequencies waves 3.1.3 Lower hybrid waves 3.1.4 Electron cyclotron waves 3.1.5 Miscellaneous 3.2 Indirect rotation drive 3.2.1 Orbit shift jxB forces 3.2.2 Fast ion and electron loss due to toroidal magnetic field ripple 3.2.3 Edge thermal ion orbit loss 4 Momentum sinks 4.1 Neutral damping 4.2 Locked modes, magnetic braking and neo-classical toroidal viscosity 4.3 Edge localized modes 5 Comparison with neo-classical theory 5.1 Poloidal rotation 5.2 Toroidal rotation 5.3 Poloidal asymmetries 6 Residual stress 6.1 Enhanced confinement regimes 6.1.1 Ohmic high confinement mode 6.1.2 ICRF high and improved confinement modes 6.1.3 ECH high confinement modes 6.1.4 High confinement modes with LH 6.1.5 NBI high confinement modes 6.1.6 Plasmas with internal transport barriers 6.2 Low confinement mode 6.2.1 Magnetic configurations 6.2.2 Rotation reversals 6.2.3 Auxiliary heated low confinement mode 6.2.4 Current driven reversals 7 Momentum transport 7.1 Momentum diffusivity 7.2 Momentum pinch 7.3 Residual stress 8 Discussion and future outlook
