Description
Nonlinear complex open systems show great diversity in the process of self-organization, and that diversity increases as complexity increases. The measurement of complexity and the origins of the diversity of such complex systems are the focus of interdisciplinary studies extending across a wide range of scientific disciplines that include applied mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, psychology, ecology, sociology, and economics. Previous investigations have concentrated either on complexity or on diversity, but not both. This volume makes clear the relation between complexity and diversity with examples drawn from various disciplines. Compiles here are presentations from the Complexity and Diversity workshop held in Fugue, Japan, in August 1996. The contributions are the results of research in mathematical systems, physical systems, living systems, and social systems, and are contained in the four corresponding sections of the book. Mathematical expressions for the theory of complexity as a fundamental method along with realistic examples for application of systematic methods provide the reader with ready access to the latest topics in complex systems. I Overview.- Complexity and Diversity-An Introduction.- Synergetics and Complexity: Emerging New Science and Civilization at the Turn of the Century.- The Set of Boundary Points as a Complex System.- II Mathematical Systems.- On the Complexity of Logic-Dynamics in Brain.- Emergence of Recursivity through Isologous Diversification.- Pattern Recalling Property of Neural Network Modules Integrated by Chaos.- A Complexity Measure of the Internet.- Complexity and Diversity for the Rule Changeable Elementary Cellular Automata.- Generation of Relations between Individuals Using a Stochastic Automaton and the Theory of Change of Attitudes.- Dynamic Learning and Retrieving Scheme Based on Chaotic Neuron Model.- Genetic Evolution of the Subsumption Architecture Which Controles an Autonomous Mobile Robot.- On the Generation and Dissipation of Coherent Structure in Two-Dimensional Vortices.- Dynamics of Two Coupled Inverted Pendulums.- Hamiltonian Dynamics and Statistics of Relaxations.- III Physical Systems.- Complexity in a Molecular String: Hierarchical Structure as is Exemplified in a DNA Chain.- Fractal Distributions-From the Real World to the Information World.- Diversity and Complexity of Patterns in Nonequilibrium Systems-Pattern Formation in Electrohydrodynamic Instability.- Complex Motion of Twin Boundary in Molecular Crystal (TMTSF)2PF6.- Dynamic Scaling of Etched Surface Roughness of LaSrGaO4 Single Crystal by Atomic Force Microscopy.- Scaling Behavior of the Surface Roughness in the Crystallization Process: Transformation of Polycrystalline Si from Amorphous Si.- Al’tshuler-Aronov-Spivak Effect and Quantum Chaos in Ballistic Systems.- Bifurcation and Dynamical Response of Current Oscillations in Semiconductor with NDC.- Intermittency in the Coupled Chaos Oscillators.- Soft-Mode Turbulence in Electrohydrodynamic Convection in Homeotropic System of Hematics.- Temporal Order and Dynamical Critical Phenomena in Sliding Charge-Density Wave Systems.- Competing Instabilities and Localized Traveling Wave in Binary Fluid Mixture.- Experimental Evidence of Marangoni Convection Rolls in Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction.- Localized Traveling Wave Front in Binary Fluid Convection.- Analysis of Concentration of Atmospheric Radon Daughters as a Time Series Data.- IV Living Systems.- Synchronization in the Brain-Unification of Information as the Emergence.- The Developing Xenopus Embryo as a Complex System: Maternal and Zygotic Contribution of Gene Products in Nucleo-Cytoplasmic and Cell-to-Cell Interactions.- Universal Feature of Long-Range Correlations in DNA Sequence: The Intron-Structure in a Single Gene.- Simulation of the Oscillatory Potential Propagation in the Slug’s Brain with an Array of Nonlinear Oscillators.- Autonomous Control of Heartbeat as Entrainment between Mechanical Environment and Electrical Rhythms.- Chaotic Behavior of the Hodgikin-Huxley Equations under Small Random Noise.- A Reduction Model for Breaking Phase-Order Preservation in Globally Coupled Oscillators.- Critical Phenomena in Lattice Lotka-Volterra Model: Parity Law and Selfstructuring Extinction Pattern.- V Social Systems.- Complexity and Economics of Institutions.- Forecasting and Stabilizing Economic Fluctuations Using Radial Basis Function Networks.- Parallel Processing Economic System Composed of Individuals under Satisfying Principle.- Model of Public City Image Formation Based on a Positive Feedback Mechanism.- Index of Contributors.- Key Word Index.
